The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.
